History of the Ambassador - Part Two

The Cine-variety Years, (1928-1964)

    Following its grand opening, the Ambassador assumed its role as a cherished cultural retreat, offering Salfordians a diverse array of entertainment as an escape from their everyday routines. From silent films to musical performances and a variety of live acts, often featuring local amateur drama and musical groups, the cinema created a vibrant sense of community within its walls.

 

    The elegantly appointed café, with its three expansive floor-to-ceiling windows, offering sweeping panoramic views of Salford, Manchester, and the Pennines beyond, proved to be a versatile venue.  Hosting an array of events such as weddings, whist drives, cabaret performances, and dances. These gatherings not only helped sustain the cinema financially, but also solidified its place as a beloved hub of the community.

 

    In addition to film screenings, variety shows and charity concerts were a regular feature. For example, in response to the Prince of Wales’s appeal for the Miners Relief Fund, the Pendleton Public Brass Band performed, raising £72 (around £5,640.57 today).

 

Beauty contests also became a unique attraction, where only the contestants' faces were visible to the audience.  In one competition held on Friday, September 27, 1929, Frances Shorrocks from Pendleton won, taking home £3 3s (equivalent to £246.78 today) as the most beautiful girl in Salford.

 

Manager John Howard's brother Thomas and his wife, May  and their two bridesmaids  exiting the Ambassador following their wedding reception in June 1931.

(Image courtesy of North West Film Archive)

    Local organisations like the Langworthy Amateur Dramatic Society and Swinton & District Amateur Operatic Society were offered free access to the venue for charity events. One such event was the staging of the musical "Rainbow Inn" in November 1937, with proceeds supporting local causes.

 

    This era of cine-variety, marked by film screenings, live performances, and community involvement, defined the lively spirit of the Ambassador.

   In a rather curious advertisement from 1929, the Ambassador tried to boost its afternoon matinee attendance by citing an unusual source: the observations of the Shoreditch Coroner and local doctors. How accurate the claim is remains debatable.

 

"THE SHOREDITCH CORONER SAYS:

That too many women tie themselves up to their domestic duties, never go out, become depressed and sometimes suicidal, doctors agree with him.  They can, however avoid this by attending the AMBASSADOR MATINEES, DAILY at 2.30

(6d and 3d)

October 1929 – Reluctant to Talk ?

    Despite being built only a couple of years before the advent of “talkies,” the Ambassador’s management was initially hesitant to adopt the new sound films comming from Hollywood.

    In an October 11, 1929 interview with the Manchester Evening News, Alfred Snape, a Director of the Ambassador Circuit, believed the cinema’s orchestra, vocalists, and high-quality silent films were enough, dismissing sound technology as a fleeting "fad." 

    However, just a year later, In March 1930, the process of onstalling sound system began, marking a clear shift towards the new era of film.

    In the interview, Snape also commented on the growing trend of "talkies" and shared some interesting rather parochial observations regarding American accents and dismissive perspective on the acting quality of homegrown British-produced "talkies":

Alfred Snape Director of The Ambassador Cinema Circuit.

 

                   MUSIC TO FIGHT TALKIES, OPERATIC STARS AS A COUNTER-ATTRACTION. - CINEMA MOVE

"THE directors of one of the best-known suburban cinema circuits in Manchester have decided upon a scheme which, they are confident will prove successful in fighting the hold which the ‘'talkies” have secured in Manchester The circuit in question includes the Trafford Cinema, the Ambassador, Pendleton, the Kingsway Cinema and the Heaton Park Cinema
In an interview with a "Manchester Evening News” representative today, Mr Alfred Snape, the managing director of the company expressed the intention of taking this stand as long as there were still good silent films to be obtained. "Music," he said "has built up the cinema, and I cannot understand why the public will stand for mechanical music. It is obviously not as good as an orchestra.
                                                                                            GREAT VOCALISTS

We have always specialised in good musical programmes, and we have continued to draw our crowds just the same as before the advent of the talkies. " In the near future we have arranged for some of the greatest vocalists in the country to appear on our circuit I am confident that they will draw as big a crowd as any talkie. " The artists will to appear include Frank Mullings, Elsie Boardman, Sydney Coltham, Reginald Whitehead, and Hamilton Harris. "In addition to arranging for these world-famous singers to appear we are negotiating for some of the premier music-hall star artists who are at the top of the bill at the leading music-halls throughout the country. THE AMERICAN ACCENT. "Of course,” added Mr. Snape, "we can do this only as long as the quality of the silent films remains the same, and the only risk is that they may tail off. " As long as they continue to be good, however, I do not expect there will be any difficulty in drawing the crowds. " The trouble about the talkies is that English people do not like the American accent. They will not come to see an English film on account of the acting, even though they would be getting decent voices. " It is really rather a strange position.”

 

Manchester Evening News - October 11, 1929

 

March 1930 - A Succesful First Year

    In its first full fiscal year of operation, the Ambassador achieved a remarkable turnover of £26,000, averaging over £500 per week.

    This success came during what we now recognise as the twilight of the silent movie era. These figures were impressive for a suburban cinema, especially considering ticket prices ranged from sixpence to one shilling and sixpence, with continuous evening shows and Saturday matinees as the exceptions.

    According to a trade report from Kinematograph Weekly,

“Few Kinemas could have had a more difficult “first year,” for almost as soon as the Ambassador Opened, the “Singing Fool” commenced its wonderful career and upset all the trade by its phenomenal success.  But neither the talkies nor the severe winter and unparalleled summer of 1929 daunted the directors of the Ambassador Cinema, who have achieved a triumph over difficult conditions, and, with a profit of over £6,000, are paying a 10 percent. dividend, and placing a considerable amount in reserve.”

The immortal spoken words of Al Jolson, "Wait a minute, wait a minute, you ain't heard nothing yet"  would change the cinema-going experience forever.

The golden age of the silent era was coming to an end.

March 1930 Another First for Salford

    In March 1930, a remarkable event unfolded at the Ambassador Super Cinema in Pendleton, Manchester. During a show, patrons had the extraordinary opportunity to witness the making of a talking picture in a silent cinema— a pioneering moment in British cinema history.

 

    This unique occurrence began when the cinema's proprietors invited the 'Varsity Vamps,' a jazz band made up of Manchester University students, to perform on stage. Upon learning about the Gaumont Sound News van being in the city, they recognized a fantastic opportunity for a topical news story, especially as the students prepared for their annual fundraising 'rag' event to support local hospitals.

    Responding to the cinema’s suggestion, Gaumont quickly installed additional stage lighting to capture the moment. When the van arrived at the Ambassador, cables were run into the theatre, and both the microphone and camera were strategically placed. The management had got the word out about this event as the cinema was packed to capacity.

 

    This historic occasion is believed to be the first time a sound film was produced in a British silent cinema during a live performance.

The above video is just the intro for Gaumont British News. It is possible that the British Film Institute Archives may hold a copy of the bullitin, so watch this space.

1930 - A 'Sound' Investment

Illustration of the British Thomson-Huston sound projectors

First sound film shown in the Ambassador - 7th April  1930

    In 1930, the arrival of 'Talkies' marked a monumental turning point in cinematic history, highlighted by Al Jolson's iconic words, “Hold on, hold on, you ain't heard nothing yet, folks!”

    To embrace this technological revolution, the Ambassador Super Cinema undertook a significant transformation, including the installation of new projectors and a sound system.

    In March 1930, the board made a strategic decision to invest in a British Thomson-Houston sound system along with modern projectors. These installations were successfully completed by the end of March, and the new equipment was fully operational by Monday, April 7, 1930, when the Ambassador screened its first 'Talkie,' Innocents of Paris, starring Maurice Chevalier. To cap off the evening's entertainment, the renowned baritone Klinton Shepherd performed on stage, accompanied by the Ambassador Symphony Orchestra.

    While the Ambassador had previously featured a full orchestra and a cinema organ to enhance its silent films, the orchestra's services were no longer needed once silent films faded into obsolescence in 1931.  Although it’s uncertain when the Ambassador Symphony Orchestra was finally disbanded, we do know that three of the circuit's other cinema orchestras combined for a special event on Christmas Eve 1931, celebrating the third anniversary with performances from the Ambassador, Kingsway, and Regal Cinema orchestras.

    Despite some continued production of silent films, they were quickly relegated to 'B' movie status and accompanied only by the organ.

A Tragic Accident Involving Cinema Manager

Claims Life of Young Girl

   On 1st February 1931, seven-year-old Constance Crawford of Pendleton was tragically killed in a freak accident on Eccles Old Road. As she and her cousin, Jean Anderson, disembarked from a Salford Corporation tram, a motorcar driven by 27-year-old John Howard, collided with the tram, dislodging its step and sweeping Constance under the car. The rear wheel passed over her, and she was carried a further 87 feet before the car stopped. Constance was taken to the hospital but died on the way.

At the inquest, witnesses described John’s car approaching at a "terrific rate" and noted he had a clear view of the stationary tram for 150 yards. John claimed he swerved to avoid Jean causing him to hit the tram. A jury returned a verdict of manslaughter, and John was committed for trial. However, at the Manchester Assizes on 2nd March 1931, he was acquitted, with the jury concluding that the tragedy was an error in judgment rather than negligence.

  After deliberation, the jury found Howard not guilty.

    (Click here for the news articles on this case)

The incident left a lasting emotional toll on all involved, including Constance’s family, Howard, and Jean, who had witnessed her cousin's death.

John Howard

Manager of  the Ambassador from 1928 to 1940.

Typical Salford Corporation tram of that time.

Christmas Eve 1931 - Third Anniversary Celebrations

An article in The Bioscope - Wednesday 06 January 1932 entitled Birthday Showmanship

"To celebrate the third anniversary of the opening of the Ambassador, Pendleton, the directors co-operated with the staff and management in organising an evening performance, which was in spirit, if not in actual truth, a patrons' party. On that night, 2,596 persons paid for admission, and the theatre was literally besieged. Apart from the films, the programme included a musical interlude by the combined orchestras of the Ambassador and Kingsway Cinemas, Levenshulme, and the Regal, Altrincham, and well-known local vocalists played a useful part in leading the audience in the singing of choruses. Fred Read, chairman of the directors, J. Howard, house manager, and over 40 members of the Ambassador staff appeared on the stage for community singing, and as a grand finale, joined hands for " Auld Lang Syne." Balloons were released from the theatre ceiling, and streamers were thrown from the balcony."

September 1932 – Let There Be "More" Light

Manchester Evening News - Wednesday 19 October 1932

   Four years after its opening, the owners of the Ambassador continued to invest in the cinema, initiating a refurbishment and additional enhancements. Notably, they expanded the Rex Gloria organ by adding a new electrically lit glass console. The auditorium also underwent improvements in décor and lighting effects, introducing new elements like lighting fixtures, domes, niches, decorative windows, silhouettes, and rainbow alcoves that showcased ever-changing colours.

 

    These enhancements complemented the existing Holophane lighting system that had been in place since the Ambassador's opening. Routine maintenance tasks, such as repainting and cleaning, became essential as cinemas of that era had to deal with heavy smoking in their auditoriums.

    According to the opening night program, the walls were originally ivory, but over the years, they likely turned a mucky brown due to nicotine staining.

September 1933 - End of the Ambassador Circuit

Ambassador Chairman, Fred Read dies

  In September 1933, the Ambassador Circuit faced a significant setback with the passing of its Chairman, Fred Read, who had been battling illness for three months. Fred  had been involved in the cinema business since 1921 and had previously run a photographic business called 'Leslie Brothers,' which had branches across Lancashire.

  This loss had a noticeable impact on the company and its plans. At that time, the group owned eight cinemas, six of which were of the new "super cinema" type and had ambitious expansion plans.

    Following Fred Read's passing, the ownership of the circuit transitioned to the Snape & Ward Circuit.   Interestingly, John Maxwell, the chairman of the large national rival, the ABC Cinema Circuit, joined the board as a non-executive director after acquiring Fred Read's shares. While it may have seemed that Maxwell intended to take over the circuit, Alfred Snape confirmed Maxwell's appointment to the board in a Kinematograph Weekly announcement on Thursday, May 31, 1934, and dispelled any rumours of an ABC takeover.

November 1936 - Enhancing the Ambassador.

 In November 1936, the Ambassador underwent another significant renovation, costing over £1,500 (equivalent to £135,632.96 today). The entire cinema and café were beautifully redecorated with a colour scheme featuring pastel shades accented by gold and silver, thanks to the work of G. F. Holding, Ltd.

 

    A brand-new screen and new lanterns were installed, along with carpets and draperies. British Thomson-Houston rectifiers replaced the generators, and BTH super arcs were added in the projection room. Additionally, a new canopy was erected at the cinema’s entrance.

 

   Due to the increased traffic along the East Lancashire Road, the café was also upgraded.  Previously serving only light refreshments, the upgrade to a full restaurant, allowed it to offer a full menu of cooked meals.

 

   This enhancement would also benefit weddings and other special functions, as the café could now accommodate up to 200 people in one sitting.

 

Photo of the Cafe set up for afternoon tea in 1930

( Photo courtesy of the North West Film Archive)

A year later in 1937 further improvements would be made -

"IMPROVEMENTS AT SALFORD

Ambassador's Remodelled  - There has just been completed at the Ambassador Kinema, Pendleton. Salford. a scheme of improvements incorporating the entire redecoration of the theatre and Café. fitting of new stage curtains recarpeting, new draught screen at the top of the circle stairs, the fitting of additional radiators, and the provision of extra tables and chairs in the café.A scheme of neon decorative lighting has been carried out on the frontage, including the outlining of the towers and verandah. A. Snape, of Manchester. is managing director of the Ambassador. Neon lighting schemes are also being executed at the Heaton Park Kinema. and the Carlton, Clayton, Manchester. two other kinemas with which Mr. Snape is associated."

Kinematograph Weekly - Thursday 11 March 1937

September 1939 – Outbreak of World War II

 

     With the outbreak of World War II, the UK government mandated the temporary closure of all cinemas and entertainment venues due to concerns about bombings. The Ambassador, like many other cinemas, complied with this directive. However, within two weeks, the Government had recognised the need to maintain public morale and safety, then lifted the restrictions.

    The Ambassador quickly reopened and continued operating, even through the challenging period of the Manchester Blitz in 1940-41. Notable performers such as George Formby, Norman Evans, Vera Lynn, Donald Peers, Joe Loss, Sandy Powell, and Ziegler and Booth entertained packed houses, offering a much-needed escape from the horrors of war.

 

Tragically, during the Blitz on the night of Sunday, December 22, 1940, a landmine exploded in Castleway, located just behind the Ambassador. The blast devastated several homes, claimed the lives of six people, and left many others injured.

John Howard, who had recently transitioned from his role as manager of the Ambassador to becoming Managing Director of the Tudor Cinema in Bramhall, captured the event in his diary:

"Tom (his brother) came over on Monday to tell us that mother and Jim and Francis were in their shelter when the house was wrecked by a land mine which landed behind the Ambassador killing 6 and injuring many. Annie’s house has a room or two burnt with incendiaries. Tom’s home not touched. Raid finished at 6.25, nearly 12 hours."

The attack brought destruction and sorrow to a community already enduring the hardships of war. John’s account highlights the widespread impact of the bombing, as well as the resilience of those affected.

Night raids by the German Luftwaffe caused widespread devastation and tragically claimed the lives of many civilians. 

   While the explosion did not cause any extensive structural damage to the cinema, the Rex Gloria cinema organ, sustained significant damage from falling debris.

    In a letter to the Manchester Evening News Postbag from 1993, a member of the audience at the time, V. Boyle, recounted their experience, saying:

"I was in the audience at the Ambassador Cinema, Pendleton, enjoying Oscar Rabin's Band with leader Harry Davies and his daughter, singer Beryl, on stage.  The Blitz was raging outside, but the show went on regardless until the building shuddered as a bomb exploded on some houses just behind the Ambassador.  Only then did the audience start to leave, and without panic."

 

    Sadly, audiences would never have the chance to hear the Rex Gloria organ play again, as it was eventually dismantled for scrap after the war in 1951.

Click to enlarge the article and the image

A British Pathé film from 3 years earlier (1937) of Oscar Rabin and his Romany Band with Beryl Davis, aged about 14 or 15 and her dad Harry Davis is the guitarist. 

1953 – Cinemascope, The Ambassador sees the bigger picture

    A CinemaScope 35 mm film frame showing a circle. It has been squeezed by a ratio of 2:1 by an anamorphic camera lens. The anamorphic projection lens will stretch the image horizontally to show a normal round circle on the screen.

   In 1953, the arrival of CinemaScope brought about the need for another modernisation phase for the Ambassador, keeping it in line with the latest advancements in cinema technology.

 

    The switch to CinemaScope required cinemas to upgrade their projection systems, most notably by adding anamorphic lenses. These special lenses stretched the film horizontally, allowing it to fill the much wider screen.

 

   To enhance the viewing experience, larger screens were installed, and modifications were made to auditoriums to ensure every seat had an unobstructed view. Interestingly, there is no record of a reduction in seating capacity at the Ambassador.

 

    This upgrade also introduced motorised black screen masking tabs, which allowed projectionists to automatically adjust the screen's aspect ratio based on the film being shown. This artistic touch, much like the now-rare, glorious cinema curtains, added to the magic of movie-going in the CinemaScope era.

1954 - The Northern Premier of Hobson’s Choice - "Salford's Story"

    Following the war, the Ambassador had managed to maintain its position as Salford's premier cinema.

   In 1954, it proudly hosted the Northern Premiere of David Lean's film Hobson’s Choice, which was promoted as a celebration of Salford’s heritage - "Salford's Story. The film, was based on the 1916 play of the same name by Salford author, Harold Brighouse.

    The story follows the strong-willed Maggie Hobson, who defies her controlling father, a successful but tyrannical bootmaker, by marrying his talented but unassuming employee, Will Mossop, and helping him rise to business success, ultimately turning the tables on her father.,        The film was shot in local areas including Salford, Stockport, and various London studios.

 

Photo of the Ambassador all decked out

advertising "Salford's Story - Hobson's Choice"

1954 - VistaVision installed,  a Fuller Hi-definition Widescreen

Paramount Pictures promotional trailer for VistaVision

    In 1954, Paramount introduced its own widescreen format called VistaVision, designed to compete with CinemaScope and other similar technologies.

 

    Unlike CinemaScope's use of anamorphic lenses, VistaVision utilized a "flat" widescreen process that didn't require special lenses during filming or projection.

 

    However, filmmakers did need a unique VistaVision camera capable of shooting horizontally, which improved image quality but used film stock faster.

 

    Once filmed, the movie could be transferred to standard 35mm film for easy screening in cinemas. VistaVision film presentations were available at most cinemas by 1954.

 

    In contrast to anamorphic formats, VistaVision offered filmmakers and cinemas the advantage of a widescreen experience without compromising on either height or width, ensuring easy nationwide distribution.

 

    Paramount's first VistaVision release, White Christmas (1954), was a major hit with cinema audiences worldwide.

The End of an Era - The Ambassador’s Final Years as a Cinema.

Even gimmicks like 3D films using Anaglyph red and

blue paper glasses didn’t revive cinema’s fortunes.

With declining audiences for film, the G.B. Snape group introduced Sunday Bingo as a way of boosting income.

Final film shown Hitchcock's Marnie - 1964

   By the late 1950s and early 1960s, cinemas saw a steep decline in audience attendance, with larger venues like the Ambassador being hit particularly hard. Several factors contributed to this downturn, most notably the rise of television, especially after Queen Elizabeth II’s Coronation in 1953 spurred mass TV sales.

   Other influences included the increased competition for people's disposable income through new hire-purchase options for luxury goods, paid holidays, and improved travel. 

     As people’s cinema habits shifted, studios catered more to niche audiences—like horror or adult films—sometimes overlooking family-oriented content, which meant the film-going habit was effectively lost for the next generation, despite children's matinees. This lead to the loss of family-oriented viewing and ultimately reduced weekly cinema visits.

   Despite previous investments in new technologies like CinemaScope and VistaVision, these too had quickly lost their appeal. Even gimmicks like Anaglyph red and blue 3D glasses failed to reignite interest, and many cinemas closed during the 50s and 60s, converting into bingo halls during the nationwide bingo craze. The Ambassador followed suit, starting Sunday bingo sessions in 1961, whilst limping on with dwindling audience numbers for their film screenings.

   By November 1964, the Ambassador’s final film screening was Alfred Hitchcock’s Marnie, starring Tippi Hedren and Sean Connery.

   So, on a cold November evening in 1964, when the last reel was shown and the "God Save the Queen” film flickered to an end, the curtains slowly closed on 36 years of cinema and theatre presentation at the Ambassador Super Cinema.


    The building was sold to Mecca Leisure Limited and turned into a full-time casino and bingo hall.  Appropriately, TV star Violet Carson—famous for her role as Ena Sharples in Coronation Street— and who had been in the Ambassador Symphony Orchestra on its opening night in 1928 would open the newly refurbished Ambassador Mecca Casino and Bingo Hall in April 1965.     

Click on the History of the Ambassador Part Three - The Bingo Years button below. 

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